SPL (Secondary Phrase Lists)

Subscribe to
the newsletter

AWL Words on this page from the academic word list

Show AWL words on this page.

Show sorted lists of these words.

Donate

Dictionary Look it up

Any words you don't know? Look them up in the website's built-in dictionary.

Secondary Phrase Lists (SPL) Common technical collocations in 8 secondary school disciplines

This page describes the Secondary Phrase Lists (SPL), giving information on what the SPL is, how it was developed, and also provides a complete (sortable) list of phrases in the SPL.

To explore the lists more fully, try the SPL highlighter (on this site).

What is the SPL?

The Secondary Phrase Lists (SPL) is a series of lists of discipline-specific (i.e. technical) two-word phrases for secondary school education, covering eight core subjects: Biology, Chemistry, Economics, English (general not literary), Geology, History (modern), Mathematics, and Physics. It was developed in 2019 by Clarence Green and James Lambert, and follows on from their earlier list of single words, the SVL (Secondary Schools Vocabulary Lists). Examples of phrases in the SPL are amino acids (Biology), demand curve (Economics), urban areas (Geography), standard deviation (Math), and foreign policy (History).

Although technical in nature, the list was devised using methods similar to those used to create other English word lists such as the AVL (Academic Vocabulary List) and AFL (Academic Formulas List). It continues a trend which has seen a greater focus on discipline-specific rather than general academic word lists, as well as increased interest in multi-word lists.

The SPL is intended to improve disciplinary literacy of secondary school students. In other words, it helps students to think, write, communicate and use information in specific academic subjects in a way similar to experts in the field. It has been suggested that disciplinary literacy is developed through three stages: first, learning general vocabulary; second, building academic fluency by focusing on academic vocabulary and style conventions; and finally, by learning specialised language patterns. It is the final stage that the SPL (and corresponding list of single words, the SVL) is intended to assist with.

How was the SPL developed?

The SPL was developed from the same corpus as the SVL (Secondary School Vocabulary Lists, which comprised 16.25 million words taken from 206 secondary school textbooks, most published within five years of the creation of the lists. The texts were taken from the Ministry of Education (Singapore) list of approved text books, all published in either Singapore or the UK, as well as A-level/O-level syllabi documents from the United Kingdom and Singapore. Some additional O-Level and A-level texts were sampled in order to reach the desired word count.

The lists were created using objective criteria. Subjective criteria were also used, but only to enrich information about the phrases, rather than select which ones were included.

Objective criteria

The following objective criteria were used to select collocations for inclusion in the list.

Minimum frequency. Phrases needed to occur at least 10 times per million words. This is the same level as used for the creation of the AFL (Academic Formulas List).
Major Part of Speech. Only major parts of speech were used, leading to 5 collocation types: nouns-noun, adjective-noun, noun-verb, verb-noun, and verb-adverb.
Mutual Information (MI) score. This score reflects how often words occur together, with a higher score indicating that the words appear more frequently together.
Dispersion. Words needed to be evenly distributed throughout the corpora.
Range. Words needed to occur in at least 20% of the texts for the relevant discipline.

Subjective criteria

As noted above, subjective criteria were used to add information to the lists, rather than to select phrases. Each phrase was assigned a pedagogical usefulness score, i.e. how useful each would be for teaching/learning purposes, based on ratings (from 1=low to 5=high) from three experienced secondary school teachers. The teachers were asked to consider the following aspects when making their ratings:

whether they would teach the phrase;
whether it was technical;
whether it was unclear without explanation;
whether it was important for understanding the subject;
whether student use of the phrase would indicate good academic level in the subject.

References

Green, C. and Lambert, J. (2019) 'Position vectors, homologous chromosomes and gamma rays: Promoting disciplinary literacy through Secondary Phrase Lists', English for Specific Purposes, 53 (2019) 1-12. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0889490617303125.

Secondary Phrase Lists (SPL)

Choose how you want to sort the phrases, and which subject you want. Note: (1) if sorting by type, the order is n+n, adj+n, n+v, v+n, v+adv; (2) in case of ties when sorting, frequency is used as a secondary sort value, except for frequency itself where MI is used.

The following gives the 1758 collocations in the Biology list of the SPL, sorted by frequency.

Number	Collocation	Type	Frequency	MI	Use
1	carbon dioxide	n+n	1462	9.03	5
2	amino acids	n+n	909	9.21	4.67
3	water potential	n+n	660	7.11	4.33
4	blood cells	n+n	656	4.24	4
5	made up	v+adv	419	8.02	4
6	surface area	n+n	413	8.98	4
7	blood glucose	n+n	401	4.91	5
8	amino acid	n+n	394	8.24	4.67
9	cell wall	n+n	384	6.54	3.67
10	active transport	adj+n	354	8.87	4
11	cell surface	n+n	349	5.69	4
12	explain why	v+adv	328	8.35	3.3
13	takes place	v+n	318	9.86	3.3
14	blood group	n+n	312	5.94	4
15	light intensity	n+n	296	9.8	4.33
16	explain how	v+adv	291	7.03	3.3
17	carry out	v+adv	288	8.94	3.7
18	concentration gradient	n+n	287	8.31	5
19	body temperature	n+n	276	6.49	4.67
20	mineral salts	n+n	273	11.08	4
21	take place	v+n	273	9.27	3.3
22	food chain	n+n	270	8.12	4.33
23	blood vessels	n+n	270	6.34	4.33
24	nervous system	adj+n	267	9.36	4.7
25	water molecules	n+n	265	5.06	4.67
26	surface membrane	n+n	263	7.13	5
27	blood pressure	n+n	247	5.36	4.67
28	root hair	n+n	244	9.56	3.67
29	nerve impulses	n+n	243	10	4.33
30	active site	adj+n	243	9.35	4
31	small intestine	adj+n	241	9.52	4
32	glucose concentration	n+n	239	5.77	5
33	carried out	v+adv	236	8.9	3.7
34	cell division	n+n	235	6.58	4.67
35	plant cells	n+n	229	4.28	3.33
36	spinal cord	adj+n	227	11.42	4
37	plant cell	n+n	226	4.3	3.33
38	blood capillaries	n+n	224	6.18	4.67
39	homologous chromosomes	adj+n	219	9.17	5
40	daughter cells	n+n	212	6.81	4.33
41	fatty acids	adj+n	210	9.01	4.3
42	action potential	n+n	208	8.1	4.67
43	cell membrane	n+n	207	4.51	4.67
44	pollen grains	n+n	205	10.64	4
45	aerobic respiration	adj+n	196	9.59	5
46	natural selection	adj+n	195	10.32	4.7
47	water vapour	n+n	186	7.72	3.67
48	xylem vessels	n+n	183	9.04	5
49	broken down	v+adv	179	9.89	4.7
50	living organisms	adj+n	176	8.5	4
51	guard cells	n+n	174	7.04	4
52	anaerobic respiration	adj+n	171	9.58	5
53	trophic level	adj+n	170	9.85	4.3
54	genetic engineering	adj+n	168	9.91	4.7
55	DNA molecule	n+n	167	5.86	5
56	animal cell	n+n	165	5.58	3.67
57	endoplasmic reticulum	adj+n	161	12.36	5
58	sucrose solution	n+n	158	7.82	4.33
59	animal cells	n+n	155	5.45	3.67
60	blood plasma	n+n	154	5.6	4.33
61	left ventricle	adj+n	153	10.42	4
62	tissue fluid	n+n	150	8.03	4.33
63	blood flow	n+n	150	5.87	3.67
64	describe how	v+adv	148	6.95	3.3
65	food substances	n+n	148	6.48	3.67
66	plasma membrane	n+n	147	7.43	4.67
67	hydrogen bonds	n+n	145	9.25	4.67
68	recessive allele	adj+n	143	8.53	5
69	light energy	n+n	143	6.1	4.33
70	waste products	n+n	141	10.07	4
71	body cells	n+n	139	3.45	3.33
72	alimentary canal	adj+n	137	12.69	4.7
73	cell sap	n+n	137	7.08	4
74	lactic acid	adj+n	135	10.02	4
75	permeable membrane	adj+n	132	8.09	5
76	test tube	n+n	132	7.83	3.33
77	menstrual cycle	adj+n	131	10.34	4.3
78	cell walls	n+n	130	5.33	3.67
79	mesophyll cells	n+n	129	6.4	5
80	blood vessel	n+n	129	6.26	4
81	pollen tube	n+n	127	8.12	4
82	water loss	n+n	127	5.87	3.67
83	muscle cells	n+n	126	4.88	3.67
84	distilled water	adj+n	125	7.65	3.3
85	gaseous exchange	adj+n	124	11.24	4
86	motor neurone	n+n	124	9.67	5
87	make up	v+adv	124	6.66	4
88	circulatory system	adj+n	123	9.68	5
89	sensory neurone	adj+n	123	9.56	4.3
90	sodium ions	n+n	122	8.76	4.33
91	protein synthesis	n+n	122	8.07	5
92	gas exchange	n+n	119	9.83	4.33
93	chemical energy	adj+n	119	6.75	4.3
94	hair cell	n+n	119	5.41	3.67
95	dialysis fluid	n+n	117	9.61	4.67
96	break down	v+adv	117	9.34	4.3
97	crossing over	v+adv	115	11.75	4.3
98	dominant allele	adj+n	115	8.35	5
99	negative feedback	adj+n	113	11.53	4.7
100	immune system	adj+n	113	8.9	4.3
101	DNA replication	n+n	111	7.46	5
102	intercostal muscles	adj+n	110	10.09	4.7
103	parent cell	n+n	110	5.67	4
104	Krebs cycle	n+n	109	10.45	5
105	pituitary gland	adj+n	107	11.37	5
106	nuclear envelope	adj+n	107	11.3	4.7
107	oxygenated blood	adj+n	107	7.35	4.3
108	blood groups	n+n	107	5.43	4
109	optimum temperature	adj+n	105	8.4	4.3
110	sexual reproduction	adj+n	104	10.64	4.3
111	genetic variation	adj+n	104	7.63	4
112	enzyme activity	n+n	104	7.36	4.33
113	different types	adj+n	102	6.67	2.3
114	cystic fibrosis	adj+n	101	13.25	5
115	gene therapy	n+n	101	8.93	4.33
116	limiting factor	adj+n	99	11.26	4
117	action potentials	n+n	99	10.13	5
118	human insulin	adj+n	99	7.19	4.7
119	sister chromatids	n+n	98	11.81	5
120	shown below	v+adv	97	6.77	2.3
121	vena cava	n+n	96	13.31	4.67
122	other parts	adj+n	96	6.95	2
123	human body	adj+n	96	5.53	3
124	pollen grain	n+n	95	10.67	3.33
125	deoxygenated blood	adj+n	95	7.37	4.3
126	lower water	adj+n	95	5.18	2.3
127	breaks down	v+adv	93	9.64	4.3
128	cell cycle	n+n	93	4.57	3.67
129	higher water	adj+n	92	4.91	2
130	left atrium	adj+n	91	10.32	4.3
131	substrate concentration	n+n	91	6.25	4.33
132	glucose level	n+n	91	5.79	4
133	set up	v+adv	90	8.56	4
134	higher concentration	adj+n	90	6.19	3.3
135	water moves	n+v	90	6.12	3.7
136	different species	adj+n	90	5.41	3
137	xylem vessel	n+n	89	8.99	5
138	blood flows	n+v	89	6.35	4
139	right ventricle	adj+n	88	10.03	4.3
140	iodine solution	n+n	88	8.42	4
141	pulmonary artery	adj+n	87	9.56	4.7
142	uterine lining	adj+n	86	11.85	4.3
143	asexual reproduction	adj+n	86	11.5	4.7
144	Golgi apparatus	n+n	86	11.32	5
145	chemical reactions	adj+n	86	8.56	4
146	reproductive system	adj+n	86	8.41	4.3
147	water bath	n+n	86	7.6	3.33
148	large surface	adj+n	86	6.25	2.7
149	convoluted tubule	adj+n	85	12.12	5
150	potassium ions	n+n	85	9.06	4.33
151	occurs when	v+adv	85	7.25	3.3
152	light microscope	n+n	84	8.31	4
153	spongy mesophyll	adj+n	83	11.6	5
154	activation energy	n+n	83	8.27	4.33
155	food chains	n+n	83	7.47	3.67
156	cell membranes	n+n	83	5.26	4
157	table shows	n+v	82	6.16	2.3
158	high concentration	adj+n	82	5.49	3
159	hepatic portal	adj+n	81	12.81	4.7
160	insulin gene	n+n	81	6.08	4.33
161	food web	n+n	80	9.23	4
162	Visking tubing	n+n	79	12.38	5
163	portal vein	n+n	79	11.25	4
164	circular muscles	adj+n	79	9.15	3.7
165	DNA fragments	n+n	79	7.62	4.33
166	hair cells	n+n	79	4.78	3.33
167	reflex action	adj+n	78	9.09	4
168	carbon monoxide	n+n	78	9.08	5
169	fatty acid	adj+n	78	7.82	4
170	taken up	v+adv	78	6.76	4
171	liver cells	n+n	78	4.2	3.67
172	continuous variation	adj+n	77	9.42	4
173	muscles relax	n+v	77	8.77	4.3
174	polypeptide chain	n+n	77	8.64	5
175	genetic material	adj+n	76	8.28	3.7
176	double helix	adj+n	75	11.45	4.7
177	spindle fibres	n+n	75	10.78	4.67
178	heat loss	n+n	75	8.38	3.33
179	genetic diagram	adj+n	75	5.86	4
180	electron transport	n+n	74	8.04	4.67
181	epithelial cells	adj+n	74	6.84	5
182	discontinuous variation	adj+n	73	10.68	4.7
183	taking place	v+n	73	9.14	3.3
184	opposite poles	adj+n	72	12.18	3.7
185	renal artery	adj+n	72	9.62	4.3
186	heart disease	n+n	72	6.89	2.67
187	water enters	n+v	72	5.53	3.7
188	enzyme concentration	n+n	72	4.35	4.67
189	glucose molecules	n+n	72	4.29	4.67
190	palisade mesophyll	n+n	71	11.31	5
191	potential gradient	n+n	71	7.27	4
192	lower concentration	adj+n	71	6.08	3
193	right atrium	adj+n	70	10.35	4
194	nuclear division	adj+n	70	9.2	4.3
195	sieve tube	n+n	70	8.86	4
196	green plants	adj+n	70	6.94	2
197	root hairs	n+n	69	9.63	3.67
198	dependent stage	adj+n	69	9.34	4
199	pulmonary vein	adj+n	69	9.25	5
200	restriction enzyme	n+n	69	7.62	4.33
201	trophic levels	adj+n	68	9.62	4.3
202	electron microscope	n+n	68	9.6	4
203	suggest why	v+adv	68	7.95	3.3
204	living cells	adj+n	68	4.87	3.3
205	selective breeding	adj+n	67	11.41	4.3
206	find out	v+adv	67	8.24	3.3
207	heart rate	n+n	67	5.12	3.33
208	environmental factors	adj+n	66	9.34	4
209	air spaces	n+n	66	8.64	2.33
210	male gametes	adj+n	66	8.3	4.3
211	phosphate group	n+n	66	7.96	4
212	mineral ions	n+n	66	7.89	3.67
213	cells contain	n+v	66	4.12	3.7
214	metabolic waste	adj+n	65	9.95	4.3
215	internal environment	adj+n	65	8.88	4
216	substrate molecules	n+n	65	6	4.33
217	calcium ions	n+n	64	9.18	3.67
218	DNA polymerase	n+n	64	7.11	5
219	excess glucose	adj+n	64	6.96	4.3
220	transport chain	n+n	64	6.95	4
221	other organisms	adj+n	64	5.3	2.3
222	renal vein	adj+n	63	9.46	4.3
223	digested food	adj+n	63	8.91	3
224	sex chromosomes	n+n	63	7.53	4.67
225	time taken	n+v	63	7.1	3.3
226	high pressure	adj+n	63	6.04	3
227	large number	adj+n	63	5.66	1.3
228	bone marrow	n+n	62	13.41	4
229	large amount	adj+n	62	6.59	1.7
230	arbitrary units	adj+n	61	12.01	4
231	endocrine glands	adj+n	61	10.43	5
232	hydrogen atoms	n+n	61	9.12	4
233	digestive system	adj+n	61	8.47	3.7
234	blood capillary	n+n	61	6.02	4
235	blood sugar	n+n	61	4.3	3.67
236	nerve impulse	n+n	60	9.81	4
237	male gamete	adj+n	60	9.67	4
238	joined together	v+adv	60	9.49	3.3
239	sensory neurones	adj+n	60	9.47	5
240	independent stage	adj+n	60	8.98	4
241	active sites	adj+n	60	8.59	3.7
242	small amount	adj+n	60	6.45	1.3
243	process called	n+v	60	5.1	2.7
244	lower epidermis	adj+n	59	9.09	4.7
245	genetic information	adj+n	59	7.13	4
246	chemical reaction	adj+n	59	6.75	4
247	xylem tissue	n+n	59	6.66	5
248	gene mutation	n+n	59	6.46	4.33
249	oxidative phosphorylation	adj+n	58	13.22	5
250	Calvin cycle	n+n	58	10.49	5
251	lung cancer	n+n	58	10.22	3
252	sieve tubes	n+n	58	10.2	4
253	light rays	n+n	58	9.22	3.33
254	environmental conditions	adj+n	58	9.17	4
255	cellular respiration	adj+n	58	8.35	5
256	phloem tissue	n+n	58	7.41	5
257	sugar solution	n+n	58	6.16	3.67
258	guard cell	n+n	58	5.49	4.33
259	sticky ends	adj+n	57	11.99	2.7
260	hydrochloric acid	adj+n	57	10.03	4.3
261	high temperatures	adj+n	57	8.02	3
262	blood clotting	n+v	57	7.07	4
263	hydrogen ions	n+n	57	6.82	4
264	carbon cycle	n+n	57	5.43	4
265	diabetes mellitus	n+n	56	12.38	5
266	salivary amylase	adj+n	56	11.07	4.7
267	messenger RNA	n+n	56	10.46	5
268	nucleic acids	adj+n	56	9.27	4
269	diploid number	adj+n	56	7.89	4.7
270	epidermal cells	adj+n	56	6.64	4.3
271	reflex arc	adj+n	55	11.74	4.3
272	flowering plants	adj+n	55	8.66	2.7
273	genetic code	adj+n	55	8.25	4.3
274	suggest how	v+adv	55	6.5	3.3
275	eukaryotic cells	adj+n	55	6.06	5
276	different parts	adj+n	55	5.6	2
277	protein molecules	n+n	55	4.72	4
278	used up	v+adv	55	4.58	3.7
279	myelin sheath	n+n	54	13.09	5
280	hydrogen peroxide	n+n	54	10.69	4.33
281	coronary arteries	adj+n	54	10.3	4.3
282	artificial selection	adj+n	54	10.23	4.7
283	radial muscles	adj+n	54	9.83	4
284	complementary base	adj+n	54	8.88	4.3
285	base sequence	n+n	54	7.66	4.33
286	recombinant DNA	adj+n	54	7.27	5
287	organic molecules	adj+n	54	6.87	4.3
288	glucose solution	n+n	54	3.96	4
289	thoracic cavity	adj+n	53	12.3	4.3
290	collecting duct	n+n	53	12.28	4
291	lunar valves	adj+n	53	11.89	4.3
292	pancreatic juice	adj+n	53	11.65	4
293	dry mass	adj+n	53	10.23	3
294	immune response	adj+n	53	9.33	4
295	glucose levels	n+n	53	6.09	4
296	bacterial cells	adj+n	53	5.36	4
297	sexual intercourse	adj+n	52	12.13	4
298	dialysis machine	n+n	52	11.39	4
299	DNA strand	n+n	52	6.13	4
300	chromosome number	n+n	52	5.79	4.67
301	independent assortment	adj+n	51	11.83	4.7
302	reducing sugar	adj+n	51	10.41	4
303	transverse section	adj+n	51	10.16	4
304	give rise	v+n	51	9.57	3.3
305	smooth muscle	adj+n	51	8.73	3.7
306	capillary tube	adj+n	51	8.33	4.3
307	test tubes	n+n	51	8.07	3.33
308	surface membranes	n+n	51	6.82	4
309	shows part	v+n	51	5.5	3
310	antibiotic resistance	n+n	50	10.79	4.33
311	base pairing	n+n	50	10.53	4.33
312	net movement	adj+n	50	9.66	4
313	substrate molecule	n+n	50	6.2	4.67
314	tissue cells	n+n	50	3.18	3
315	possible genotypes	adj+n	49	8.66	4
316	different concentrations	adj+n	49	6.61	3
317	air pressure	n+n	49	5.4	3
318	small molecules	adj+n	49	4.85	3.3
319	cigarette smoke	n+n	48	12.7	2.67
320	upper epidermis	adj+n	48	10.88	4
321	sodium hydroxide	n+n	48	10.82	4.67
322	electron micrograph	n+n	48	10.76	4.67
323	bright light	adj+n	48	9.66	2.3
324	partial pressure	adj+n	48	9.46	3
325	chloride ions	n+n	48	9.03	4
326	polypeptide chains	n+n	48	9.01	4.67
327	cellulose cell	n+n	48	5.47	4
328	egg cell	n+n	48	4.76	3.67
329	fossil fuels	n+n	47	13.82	3.67
330	tobacco smoke	n+n	47	12.53	2.67
331	optic nerve	adj+n	47	10.76	4
332	potential difference	adj+n	47	9.95	3.7
333	exhaled air	adj+n	47	9.74	3
334	boiling tube	adj+n	47	9.55	3.3
335	cardiac cycle	adj+n	47	9.11	4
336	condensation reaction	n+n	47	8.66	4.33
337	population size	n+n	47	7.15	3.67
338	provide energy	v+n	47	6.34	4.3
339	root pressure	n+n	47	6.15	3.67
340	suspensory ligaments	adj+n	46	14.06	5
341	phospholipid bilayer	adj+n	46	12.43	5
342	gene pool	n+n	46	9.08	4.33
343	kinetic energy	adj+n	46	8.85	3.7
344	release energy	v+n	46	6.86	4.3
345	take up	v+adv	46	5.59	4
346	different alleles	adj+n	46	5.17	3.7
347	DNA molecules	n+n	46	3.42	4
348	stimulating hormone	adj+n	45	10.79	4.3
349	organic compounds	adj+n	45	10.24	4.3
350	ciliary muscles	adj+n	45	9.56	4.7
351	digestive enzymes	adj+n	45	8.17	4
352	work out	v+adv	45	7.36	3.7
353	inner membrane	adj+n	45	7.24	4
354	excess amino	adj+n	45	7.21	3.5
355	oxygen concentration	n+n	45	3.54	4
356	simple sugars	adj+n	44	9.2	4
357	DNA ligase	n+n	44	8.28	4.67
358	companion cells	n+n	44	6.47	4
359	mRNA molecule	n+n	44	6.18	4.67
360	heart muscle	n+n	44	5.91	3
361	transport system	n+n	44	5.44	3.67
362	enzyme molecules	n+n	44	3.88	4.33
363	gastric juice	adj+n	43	12.1	4
364	umbilical cord	adj+n	43	10.62	4
365	phenotypic ratio	adj+n	43	10.54	5
366	primary consumers	adj+n	43	9.88	3.7
367	resting potential	adj+n	43	9.36	4.3
368	female gamete	adj+n	43	9.3	4
369	speed up	v+adv	43	9.2	3
370	build up	v+adv	43	8.64	3.7
371	normal level	adj+n	43	6.19	2
372	acid sequence	n+n	43	6.19	4
373	transpiration rate	n+n	43	5.4	4.33
374	large molecules	adj+n	43	4.77	3.3
375	grey matter	adj+n	42	11.41	4
376	peptide bond	n+n	42	11.05	4
377	ion channels	n+n	42	10.77	4
378	excretory products	adj+n	42	9.58	4
379	large quantities	adj+n	42	8.84	2.3
380	base pairs	n+n	42	8.42	4.33
381	muscle contraction	n+n	42	8.33	4
382	recessive alleles	adj+n	42	7.11	5
383	bacterial cell	adj+n	42	5.05	4
384	enzyme action	n+n	42	4.91	4
385	enzyme molecule	n+n	42	4.4	4.67
386	antidiuretic hormone	adj+n	41	11.13	5
387	bring about	v+adv	41	10.18	3.7
388	dorsal root	adj+n	41	10.15	4.3
389	metabolic reactions	adj+n	41	8.5	4.7
390	postsynaptic membrane	adj+n	41	8.25	5
391	pea plants	n+n	41	8.17	2
392	total number	adj+n	41	7.18	2.3
393	metabolic rate	adj+n	41	6.38	4.3
394	oxygen gas	n+n	41	5.92	3
395	starch solution	n+n	41	5.63	3.67
396	heat energy	n+n	41	5.26	3.33
397	latent heat	adj+n	40	10.87	4.7
398	hydrogen carbonate	n+n	40	10.54	4.67
399	peptide bonds	n+n	40	9.9	4.33
400	relay neurone	n+n	40	9.88	4.33
401	external environment	adj+n	40	8.19	4.3
402	tertiary structure	adj+n	40	8.1	4.3
403	structural genes	adj+n	40	7.87	4.3
404	large intestine	adj+n	40	7.01	4
405	companion cell	n+n	40	6.39	4
406	show how	v+adv	40	5.45	3.3
407	plant growth	n+n	40	5.18	2.67
408	glucose molecule	n+n	40	4	4
409	Graafian follicle	adj+n	39	12.56	5
410	urinary bladder	adj+n	39	11.81	4
411	reduced NAD	adj+n	39	11.28	4
412	pass through	v+adv	39	10.62	4.3
413	elastic fibres	adj+n	39	10.24	4
414	skeletal muscles	adj+n	39	9.53	4
415	heart attack	n+n	39	9.44	3
416	motor neurones	n+n	39	8.98	4.67
417	genetic diversity	adj+n	39	8.47	5
418	DNA fragment	n+n	39	7.73	4
419	carries out	v+adv	39	7.02	4
420	specialised cells	adj+n	39	6.02	4
421	cells become	n+v	39	3.64	3
422	triose phosphate	n+n	38	11.37	5
423	brought about	v+adv	38	10.16	3.7
424	primary consumer	adj+n	38	10.07	3.7
425	cardiac muscle	adj+n	38	8.73	4
426	female gametes	adj+n	38	7.62	4
427	carbon atoms	n+n	38	6.83	3.33
428	nuclear membrane	adj+n	38	6.45	4.3
429	genetic disease	adj+n	38	5.88	3.7
430	tissue respiration	n+n	38	5.32	4.67
431	carries blood	v+n	38	4.68	4
432	cell contains	n+v	38	3.06	3.3
433	synaptic cleft	adj+n	37	12.77	5
434	vascular bundles	adj+n	37	12.67	5
435	gall bladder	n+n	37	12.59	4
436	systemic circulation	adj+n	37	12.51	4.7
437	saturated fats	adj+n	37	9.82	4
438	nitrogenous bases	adj+n	37	9.38	4.7
439	oxygen debt	n+n	37	9.03	4.33
440	carrying out	v+adv	37	8.04	4
441	endocrine system	adj+n	37	7.8	4.7
442	biological molecules	adj+n	37	6.72	4
443	parent plant	n+n	37	5.59	3.33
444	low concentration	adj+n	37	5.25	2.7
445	renal capsule	adj+n	36	10.15	4
446	nitrogenous waste	adj+n	36	10.06	4.3
447	linked together	v+adv	36	8.72	4.3
448	healthy person	adj+n	36	8.61	2.3
449	room temperature	n+n	36	8.15	2.67
450	work together	v+adv	36	8.06	3.3
451	respiratory system	adj+n	36	7.34	4.7
452	ABO blood	n+n	36	7.25	4
453	large numbers	adj+n	36	7.13	2
454	makes up	v+adv	36	6.51	4
455	different temperatures	adj+n	36	6.32	2.3
456	cancer cells	n+n	36	4.42	3.33
457	distant object	adj+n	35	12.16	2.3
458	selective reabsorption	adj+n	35	11.27	4
459	factors affecting	n+v	35	10.17	3.7
460	salivary glands	adj+n	35	10.11	4.3
461	double circulation	adj+n	35	9.88	4
462	amniotic fluid	adj+n	35	9.79	4.7
463	erector muscles	n+n	35	9.76	4
464	breaking down	v+adv	35	9.63	4.7
465	organic matter	adj+n	35	9.6	4
466	muscle fibre	n+n	35	8.83	4
467	multiple alleles	adj+n	35	8.35	4
468	capillary action	adj+n	35	7.94	4
469	important role	adj+n	35	7.73	2
470	restriction enzymes	n+n	35	7.44	5
471	crop plants	n+n	35	7.44	2.33
472	Golgi body	n+n	35	6.87	5
473	DNA strands	n+n	35	6.43	3.67
474	soil solution	n+n	35	5.85	3.67
475	tube nucleus	n+n	35	5.59	4.67
476	glomerular filtrate	adj+n	34	12.59	5
477	glycosidic bond	adj+n	34	11.48	4.7
478	pupil reflex	n+n	34	11.13	4
479	living things	adj+n	34	10.07	2.3
480	large amounts	adj+n	34	8.25	1.7
481	hydroxide solution	n+n	34	8.16	4.33
482	phosphate groups	n+n	34	8.03	5
483	carrier proteins	n+n	34	7.89	4.33
484	energy required	n+v	34	5.79	4.7
485	target cells	n+n	34	5.44	3.67
486	water uptake	n+n	34	5.31	3.67
487	molecules move	n+v	34	5.28	4
488	haploid cells	adj+n	34	4.84	4.3
489	chronic bronchitis	adj+n	33	13.37	4.3
490	vascular bundle	adj+n	33	12.08	4.7
491	hydrostatic pressure	adj+n	33	9.68	4.7
492	air bubble	n+n	33	9.27	2.67
493	hepatic vein	adj+n	33	9.21	4
494	longitudinal muscles	adj+n	33	9.08	4.3
495	white matter	adj+n	33	8.72	4
496	left side	adj+n	33	8.51	2
497	produce antibodies	v+n	33	6.61	4.7
498	blood flowing	n+v	33	6.47	4
499	become more	v+adv	33	5.85	2.3
500	plasma proteins	n+n	33	5.73	4
501	protein molecule	n+n	33	4.55	4
502	shows how	v+adv	33	3.7	3.3
503	plasma cells	n+n	33	3.41	4
504	bicuspid valve	adj+n	32	11.86	4.3
505	thin film	adj+n	32	10.79	2.7
506	dim light	adj+n	32	9.91	2.7
507	sweat glands	n+n	32	9.39	3
508	daughter nuclei	n+n	32	9.34	4.67
509	infected person	adj+n	32	9.24	3
510	nitrogenous base	adj+n	32	9.09	4
511	line up	v+adv	32	8.91	3.7
512	coat colour	n+n	32	8.87	2.67
513	homologous pairs	adj+n	32	8.64	4.3
514	glass tube	n+n	32	8.61	2.33
515	muscular walls	adj+n	32	8.31	3.3
516	presynaptic membrane	adj+n	32	8.12	5
517	nerve fibres	n+n	32	7.83	4
518	happens when	v+adv	32	7.67	3.3
519	concentrated solution	adj+n	32	7.52	3.7
520	haploid number	adj+n	32	6.94	4.3
521	specific function	adj+n	32	6.8	3.3
522	exchange system	n+n	32	6.16	4
523	haemoglobin molecule	n+n	32	6.12	4.67
524	other factors	adj+n	32	5.75	2
525	energy flow	n+n	32	5.11	4
526	normal body	adj+n	32	4.24	2
527	produce energy	v+n	32	4	4.3
528	carry blood	v+n	32	3.46	4
529	reflex actions	adj+n	31	10.75	4.3
530	adrenal glands	adj+n	31	10.42	4.7
531	connective tissue	adj+n	31	9.88	4.3
532	central vacuole	adj+n	31	9.8	4.3
533	turgor pressure	n+n	31	9.27	4.67
534	light entering	n+v	31	8.49	4
535	thin layer	adj+n	31	8.33	2.3
536	tRNA molecule	n+n	31	7.42	4.67
537	blood clot	n+n	31	6.89	3.33
538	organic substances	adj+n	31	6.76	3.7
539	food sample	n+n	31	6.09	2.33
540	epidermal cell	adj+n	31	5.81	4.3
541	chain reaction	n+n	31	5.62	3.67
542	mesophyll cell	n+n	31	4.39	5
543	using energy	v+n	31	4.04	3.7
544	ventricular systole	adj+n	30	12.86	5
545	prostate gland	n+n	30	11.27	4.33
546	vigorous exercise	adj+n	30	10.73	3.7
547	gives rise	v+n	30	10.2	3.7
548	kidney tubules	n+n	30	10.04	4
549	slows down	v+adv	30	9.95	2.7
550	pass on	v+adv	30	8.67	3.7
551	expected results	adj+n	30	8.43	3
552	repressor protein	n+n	30	8.39	4.67
553	tube elements	n+n	30	8	3.33
554	dilute solution	adj+n	30	7.64	4
555	faster rate	adj+n	30	7.1	2.7
556	different ways	adj+n	30	6.27	2
557	chemical substances	adj+n	30	5.83	3.7
558	cell divides	n+v	30	5.7	4.3
559	skin surface	n+n	30	5.6	3.33
560	body mass	n+n	30	5.45	3.33
561	green plant	adj+n	30	5.44	1.7
562	cell bodies	n+n	30	5.04	3.67
563	energy released	n+v	30	4.86	4.3
564	excess water	adj+n	30	4.77	2.7
565	see figure	v+n	30	4.47	2.3
566	reaction rate	n+n	30	3.9	4.33
567	sperm duct	n+n	29	11.14	4
568	infectious diseases	adj+n	29	10.75	3.3
569	transpiration pull	n+n	29	10.32	4.33
570	brings about	v+adv	29	9.93	4
571	parental genotypes	adj+n	29	9.82	4.7
572	secondary consumers	adj+n	29	9.74	4.3
573	key hypothesis	adj+n	29	9.33	4
574	presynaptic neurone	adj+n	29	9.33	5
575	working together	v+adv	29	9.26	3.3
576	longitudinal section	adj+n	29	9.17	4.3
577	endocrine gland	adj+n	29	9.14	5
578	coronary artery	adj+n	29	8.94	4.3
579	sex hormones	n+n	29	8.03	4
580	low temperatures	adj+n	29	7.93	2.7
581	genetic diagrams	adj+n	29	7.45	4
582	outer membrane	adj+n	29	6.95	3.3
583	light source	n+n	29	6.87	3
584	requires energy	v+n	29	6.28	4.3
585	circular DNA	adj+n	29	6.09	4.3
586	single gene	adj+n	29	5.32	3.3
587	temperature increases	n+v	29	4.98	3.3
588	other species	adj+n	29	4.33	2.3
589	plant species	n+n	29	3.7	3.33
590	enzyme called	n+v	29	3.38	3
591	gel electrophoresis	n+n	28	12.47	5
592	untreated sewage	adj+n	28	12.04	3.3
593	potato strip	n+n	28	10.65	1.67
594	atp synthase	n+n	28	10.57	4.67
595	unsaturated fats	adj+n	28	10.09	4.3
596	light intensities	n+n	28	9.68	3.67
597	pulmonary circulation	adj+n	28	9.37	4.3
598	pulmonary veins	adj+n	28	8.75	4
599	red precipitate	adj+n	28	8.72	4
600	polymerase chain	n+n	28	8.06	5
601	pea plant	n+n	28	7.34	1.67
602	high concentrations	adj+n	28	6.87	3.3
603	fertilisation occurs	n+v	28	6.7	4.3
604	organ system	n+n	28	6.46	3.33
605	high levels	adj+n	28	6.43	2.3
606	primary structure	adj+n	28	6.37	3.7
607	human eye	adj+n	28	6.33	3.3
608	prokaryotic cells	adj+n	28	5.89	5
609	diploid cell	adj+n	28	4.74	4
610	daughter cell	n+n	28	3.95	3.67
611	nerve cells	n+n	28	3.12	4
612	efferent arteriole	adj+n	27	12.34	5
613	afferent arteriole	adj+n	27	12.22	5
614	immunodeficiency virus	n+n	27	11.4	4.67
615	facilitated diffusion	adj+n	27	10.63	5
616	fallopian tube	adj+n	27	9.79	4.7
617	recombinant plasmid	adj+n	27	9.77	5
618	actual size	adj+n	27	9.1	2.3
619	postsynaptic neurone	adj+n	27	9.03	5
620	intercellular air	adj+n	27	8.91	4.3
621	given off	v+adv	27	8.9	4
622	hepatic artery	adj+n	27	8.89	4.3
623	storage organs	n+n	27	8.56	4
624	urinary system	adj+n	27	8.4	4
625	complementary bases	adj+n	27	7.99	4.7
626	iodine test	n+n	27	7.93	4
627	taken in	v+adv	27	7.55	3.7
628	life cycle	n+n	27	7.44	3.33
629	spinal nerve	adj+n	27	7.34	4.3
630	muscle fibres	n+n	27	7.2	4
631	skin colour	n+n	27	6.63	2.67
632	DNA template	n+n	27	6.38	4.33
633	sugar level	n+n	27	6.13	3.67
634	energy needed	n+v	27	5.57	3.7
635	blood supply	n+n	27	4.76	3.67
636	potato cells	n+n	27	4.48	2.33
637	oxygen produced	n+v	27	3.48	4
638	carbon compound	adj+n	26	12.01	3.7
639	raw materials	adj+n	26	11.1	3.7
640	potassium hydroxide	n+n	26	10.74	5
641	kidney failure	n+n	26	10.41	3.33
642	ventral root	adj+n	26	10.31	4
643	foreign particles	adj+n	26	10.28	3.7
644	deoxyribonucleic acid	adj+n	26	9.98	5
645	secondary consumer	adj+n	26	9.95	4
646	uric acid	adj+n	26	9.95	4
647	expired air	adj+n	26	9.76	3.3
648	human immunodeficiency	adj+n	26	9.41	5
649	sodium chloride	n+n	26	9.33	4.67
650	umbilical vein	adj+n	26	9.33	4.3
651	held together	v+adv	26	9.32	3.7
652	target organs	n+n	26	9.1	3.33
653	built up	v+adv	26	8.81	3.7
654	waste product	n+n	26	8.61	3.33
655	base sequences	n+n	26	8.56	4
656	muscles contract	n+v	26	8.07	4.3
657	chemical digestion	adj+n	26	7.14	4
658	living organism	adj+n	26	6.4	3
659	DNA sequences	n+n	26	6.04	4.33
660	water pollution	n+n	26	5.58	3
661	structures called	n+v	26	5.04	2.7
662	membrane cytoplasm	n+n	26	4.94	5
663	oxygen released	n+v	26	4.76	4
664	amino group	n+n	26	4.51	4.33
665	high temperature	adj+n	26	4.28	3
666	food molecules	n+n	26	3.29	3.33
667	copper sulfate	n+n	25	13.95	4
668	leafy shoot	adj+n	25	12.9	2.7
669	tricuspid valve	adj+n	25	11.88	4.7
670	refractory period	adj+n	25	11.64	4.3
671	tertiary consumer	adj+n	25	10.72	4
672	adrenal gland	adj+n	25	9.86	4.3
673	template strand	n+n	25	9.45	4
674	endangered species	adj+n	25	9.32	4.3
675	umbilical artery	adj+n	25	9.27	4.7
676	dissolved mineral	adj+n	25	9.24	4
677	speeds up	v+adv	25	9.16	2.7
678	structural features	adj+n	25	9.14	4
679	quaternary structure	adj+n	25	8.81	4.7
680	acid rain	n+n	25	8.7	3.67
681	phloem sieve	n+n	25	8.64	4.67
682	multicellular organisms	adj+n	25	8.51	5
683	right side	adj+n	25	8.5	1.3
684	capillary walls	adj+n	25	7.91	4
685	tissue culture	n+n	25	7.77	3.67
686	haploid gametes	adj+n	25	7.69	4.7
687	test cross	n+n	25	7.52	4
688	RNA nucleotides	n+n	25	7.45	5
689	carbon atom	n+n	25	7.39	3.67
690	useful substances	adj+n	25	7.28	2.7
691	human activities	adj+n	25	7.06	3
692	correct sequence	adj+n	25	7.01	3
693	air space	n+n	25	6.99	2
694	enzymes work	n+v	25	6.71	4.3
695	dioxide diffuses	n+v	25	6.63	4.7
696	different forms	adj+n	25	6.37	2.3
697	cytoplasm nucleus	n+n	25	5.77	5
698	air movement	n+n	25	5.29	3.67
699	low water	adj+n	25	3.39	2
700	blind spot	adj+n	24	12.91	3.7
701	near object	adj+n	24	12.19	2.3
702	monohybrid inheritance	adj+n	24	12.12	5
703	actin filaments	n+n	24	11.72	5
704	dust particles	n+n	24	11.26	2.67
705	reduced NADP	adj+n	24	11.11	4
706	nitrogen fixation	n+n	24	10.46	4.67
707	hot object	adj+n	24	10.45	2
708	electron carriers	n+n	24	10.2	4.33
709	hydrogen bonding	n+n	24	10.14	4.67
710	glycosidic bonds	adj+n	24	9.91	4.7
711	carbonic acid	adj+n	24	9.14	4.3
712	limiting factors	adj+n	24	8.69	4
713	outer layer	adj+n	24	8.67	2.7
714	structures labelled	n+v	24	8.51	2.7
715	hypotonic solution	adj+n	24	8.43	4.3
716	reproductive organs	adj+n	24	8.25	4
717	inorganic ions	adj+n	24	8.23	4
718	pulmonary arteries	adj+n	24	8.18	4.3
719	channel proteins	n+n	24	8.02	4.67
720	mesophyll layer	n+n	24	7.89	4.67
721	results obtained	n+v	24	7.64	3
722	gene coding	n+n	24	7.56	4.33
723	offspring genotypes	n+n	24	7.06	4.67
724	solute concentration	n+n	24	7.06	5
725	sodium hydrogen	n+n	24	6.8	4.33
726	maximum rate	adj+n	24	6.43	3.7
727	somatic cells	adj+n	24	6.19	4.3
728	bacterial DNA	adj+n	24	5.38	4
729	muscle tissue	n+n	24	5.16	3.33
730	transports water	v+n	24	5.13	3.7
731	water leaves	n+v	24	5.06	3.7
732	dead cells	adj+n	24	4.99	2.7
733	plant tissue	n+n	24	3.69	3.33
734	sperm cell	n+n	24	3.53	4
735	cotton wool	n+n	23	14.31	2
736	acetyl coenzyme	n+n	23	13.16	5
737	chromatin threads	n+n	23	11.92	4.67
738	renal pelvis	adj+n	23	11.33	4
739	potato strips	n+n	23	11.19	2
740	wide range	adj+n	23	10.67	1.3
741	sense organs	n+n	23	10.07	4
742	basic unit	adj+n	23	9.95	3.3
743	transmits nerve	v+n	23	9.63	4.7
744	adipose tissue	adj+n	23	9.46	4.3
745	air passages	n+n	23	9.18	3
746	catalysed reaction	adj+n	23	9.04	4.3
747	nucleic acid	adj+n	23	8.2	4.3
748	dependent reactions	adj+n	23	8.01	3.7
749	uterine wall	adj+n	23	7.98	4
750	dissolved substances	adj+n	23	7.61	3.7
751	blue colour	adj+n	23	7.5	1
752	simple diffusion	adj+n	23	7.28	3.3
753	white flowers	adj+n	23	7.26	1.7
754	different combinations	adj+n	23	6.99	2.3
755	nitrogen cycle	n+n	23	6.78	4.33
756	inner surface	adj+n	23	6.71	2.7
757	breathing rate	n+n	23	6.33	4
758	taken place	v+n	23	6.14	3.3
759	oxygen atoms	n+n	23	6.07	3.67
760	becomes more	v+adv	23	5.85	2
761	normal allele	adj+n	23	5.08	4
762	offspring produced	n+v	23	4.9	4
763	eukaryotic cell	adj+n	23	4.84	4.7
764	follicle cells	n+n	23	4.68	4
765	body tissues	n+n	23	4.56	3
766	different genes	adj+n	23	3.61	3.3
767	global warming	adj+n	22	14.35	4
768	ascending limb	adj+n	22	14.12	4
769	focal length	adj+n	22	11.12	4
770	soil erosion	n+n	22	10.89	3.33
771	fertilised egg	adj+n	22	10.64	4.3
772	biconcave shape	adj+n	22	10.24	4.3
773	homeostatic control	adj+n	22	10.2	5
774	selection pressures	n+n	22	9.96	4.33
775	hydrogencarbonate ions	adj+n	22	9.89	5
776	slow down	v+adv	22	9.76	2.7
777	sewage treatment	n+n	22	9.39	3.33
778	passed on	v+adv	22	9.02	4
779	explains why	v+adv	22	8.93	3
780	metabolic activities	adj+n	22	8.78	4.7
781	parental genotype	adj+n	22	8.67	4.7
782	globular protein	adj+n	22	8.37	4.3
783	passive transport	adj+n	22	8.12	4.3
784	end up	v+adv	22	7.48	3.3
785	single layer	adj+n	22	7.06	2
786	contain chloroplasts	v+n	22	7.01	4.3
787	colour change	n+n	22	6.56	3
788	ions diffuse	n+v	22	6.55	5
789	growth hormone	n+n	22	6.44	4.33
790	tall plants	adj+n	22	6.44	1.7
791	know how	v+adv	22	6.05	3.3
792	occur when	v+adv	22	5.71	2.7
793	photosynthesis takes	n+v	22	5.37	4.7
794	absorb water	v+n	22	4.8	4
795	enzyme substrate	n+n	22	4.28	5
796	different organisms	adj+n	22	3.22	3
797	waxy cuticle	adj+n	21	13	4.3
798	hydrophobic interactions	adj+n	21	12.32	4.7
799	switched on	v+adv	21	11.25	3
800	intestinal juice	adj+n	21	11.02	4
801	luteinising hormone	adj+n	21	10.97	5
802	directional selection	adj+n	21	10.63	4
803	electron acceptor	n+n	21	10.53	4.67
804	ionic bonds	adj+n	21	10.53	4.3
805	prevent backflow	v+n	21	10.26	4.7
806	mass flow	adj+n	21	9.85	4.3
807	inorganic phosphate	adj+n	21	9.46	4.7
808	voluntary action	adj+n	21	8.95	4
809	nitrate ions	n+n	21	8.89	4.33
810	skeletal muscle	adj+n	21	8.86	4
811	electrical impulses	adj+n	21	8.76	4
812	harmful effects	adj+n	21	8.72	2.7
813	globular proteins	adj+n	21	8.45	4
814	sexual characteristics	adj+n	21	8.38	4.3
815	lens becomes	n+v	21	8.25	2
816	atmospheric pressure	adj+n	21	7.89	4.7
817	transfer RNA	n+n	21	7.87	5
818	homologous pair	adj+n	21	7.83	4.7
819	normal distribution	adj+n	21	7.72	4.7
820	nitrogen gas	n+n	21	7.68	3.67
821	body fluids	n+n	21	7.57	3.33
822	various parts	adj+n	21	7.42	1.7
823	harmful substances	adj+n	21	7.34	3.3
824	chromosomes separate	n+v	21	7.2	5
825	total amount	adj+n	21	7.14	1.7
826	shown above	v+adv	21	7.13	2.3
827	initial rate	adj+n	21	7.12	2.7
828	phloem tissues	n+n	21	7	5
829	surrounding air	adj+n	21	6.94	2
830	main types	adj+n	21	6.87	1.7
831	water evaporates	n+v	21	6.69	4.3
832	transport oxygen	v+n	21	6.62	4.3
833	dependent reaction	adj+n	21	6.62	3.3
834	blood stream	n+n	21	6.6	3.67
835	chromosome mutation	n+n	21	6.18	5
836	diffusion gradient	n+n	21	6.16	4.67
837	oxygen content	n+n	21	6.14	3.33
838	oxygen uptake	n+n	21	5.9	3.67
839	pump blood	v+n	21	5.81	3.7
840	move down	v+adv	21	5.48	2.7
841	produce offspring	v+n	21	5.15	4.7
842	DNA nucleotides	n+n	21	4.86	5
843	water content	n+n	21	4.86	3
844	different conditions	adj+n	21	4.59	2
845	blood passes	n+v	21	4.38	3.7
846	found only	v+adv	21	4.22	3
847	other substances	adj+n	21	4	2
848	dioxide produced	n+v	21	3.56	3.7
849	human DNA	adj+n	21	3.06	4
850	soda lime	n+n	20	15	3
851	ethical issues	adj+n	20	13.01	4
852	bar chart	n+n	20	12.65	3
853	mechanical support	adj+n	20	11.88	4
854	photosynthetic pigments	adj+n	20	11.31	5
855	passive immunity	adj+n	20	10.75	4
856	binding sites	adj+n	20	10.71	4
857	tall pea	adj+n	20	10.59	1.3
858	pentose sugar	n+n	20	10.21	4.67
859	pink flowers	adj+n	20	10.1	1.3
860	colour blindness	n+n	20	9.84	3.67
861	reducing sugars	adj+n	20	9.71	4
862	diploid zygote	adj+n	20	9.35	5
863	biuret test	n+n	20	9.32	5
864	deoxyribose sugar	n+n	20	9.32	5
865	high altitude	adj+n	20	9.24	3
866	pair up	v+adv	20	9.23	3.7
867	basement membrane	n+n	20	9.18	4.67
868	infectious disease	adj+n	20	9.13	4
869	manufactured food	adj+n	20	9.05	3
870	colour vision	n+n	20	8.83	3.33
871	bile salts	n+n	20	8.32	3.33
872	haploid daughter	adj+n	20	8.29	4
873	typical animal	adj+n	20	8.25	2
874	examples include	n+v	20	8.14	2
875	main stages	adj+n	20	7.88	2.7
876	identical daughter	adj+n	20	7.68	3
877	anaerobic conditions	adj+n	20	7.63	5
878	different kinds	adj+n	20	7.58	1.3
879	air bubbles	n+n	20	7.53	2.67
880	vascular tissue	adj+n	20	7.42	4
881	muscular wall	adj+n	20	7.33	4
882	goblet cells	n+n	20	7.09	4
883	flowering plant	adj+n	20	6.91	3.3
884	fetal blood	adj+n	20	6.78	4
885	eye colour	n+n	20	6.71	2.67
886	dissolved oxygen	adj+n	20	6.44	4
887	pure water	adj+n	20	6.42	2.7
888	tRNA molecules	n+n	20	6.25	4.67
889	red flowers	adj+n	20	6.12	1.3
890	oxygen supply	n+n	20	5.94	3.33
891	gene mutations	n+n	20	5.93	4
892	cells lining	n+v	20	5.92	4
893	oxygen diffuses	n+v	20	5.87	4.3
894	system consists	n+v	20	5.81	2.7
895	energy transfer	n+n	20	5.75	4.33
896	enzyme amylase	n+n	20	5.47	5
897	particular time	adj+n	20	5.46	1.7
898	exchange surface	n+n	20	5.45	3.67
899	prokaryotic cell	adj+n	20	5.42	4.7
900	molecules diffuse	n+v	20	5.42	4.7
901	RNA molecule	n+n	20	5.2	4.67
902	heart muscles	n+n	20	4.56	3
903	temperature changes	n+n	20	4.45	2.33
904	human heart	adj+n	20	4.37	3.3
905	cell organelles	n+n	20	4.07	4.33
906	reduce water	v+n	20	4.06	3
907	identical cells	adj+n	20	3.46	3.7
908	protein called	n+v	20	3.33	2.7
909	cell becomes	n+v	20	3.24	2.3
910	sperm cells	n+n	20	3.23	4
911	neuromuscular junction	adj+n	19	14.22	5
912	ventricular diastole	adj+n	19	12.56	5
913	amniotic sac	adj+n	19	11.95	4.7
914	stop codon	n+n	19	11.5	4.67
915	rough ER	adj+n	19	11.46	4.7
916	muscular contractions	adj+n	19	11.32	4.3
917	lunar valve	adj+n	19	10.66	4
918	fatty deposits	adj+n	19	10.34	4
919	ribosomal RNA	adj+n	19	9.99	5
920	channels open	n+v	19	9.8	4.3
921	spinal nerves	adj+n	19	9.6	4
922	bile duct	n+n	19	9.54	4
923	feedback mechanism	n+n	19	9.53	4
924	ammonium ions	n+n	19	9.35	4
925	impulses travel	n+v	19	8.96	4.3
926	bubbles released	n+v	19	8.72	2.3
927	birth control	n+n	19	8.61	3.67
928	white fur	adj+n	19	8.51	1.7
929	dominant trait	adj+n	19	8.43	4
930	sulfur dioxide	n+n	19	8.41	4.67
931	particular characteristic	adj+n	19	8.32	3.3
932	hypertonic solution	adj+n	19	8.23	4.7
933	air sacs	n+n	19	8.23	3.33
934	metabolic processes	adj+n	19	7.91	4.3
935	respiratory substrate	adj+n	19	7.37	5
936	dead organisms	adj+n	19	6.92	3
937	helper cells	n+n	19	6.83	4
938	become less	v+adv	19	6.72	2
939	complex substances	adj+n	19	6.63	3.7
940	disease caused	n+v	19	6.45	3.7
941	typical plant	adj+n	19	6.44	2.7
942	require energy	v+n	19	6.44	3.7
943	uncontrolled cell	adj+n	19	6.27	4.3
944	secondary structure	adj+n	19	6.21	3.3
945	mitotic cell	adj+n	19	6.19	5
946	total surface	adj+n	19	6.18	2.7
947	different times	adj+n	19	5.79	2
948	different stages	adj+n	19	5.35	1.7
949	lose water	v+n	19	5.33	2.7
950	low pressure	adj+n	19	5.25	3
951	parent plants	n+n	19	4.9	3
952	photosynthesis increases	n+v	19	4.55	4.7
953	acid molecules	n+n	19	3.57	3.67
954	protein structure	n+n	19	3.36	4
955	oxygen molecule	n+n	19	3.11	4
956	punnett square	n+n	18	14.58	3.67
957	ribulose bisphosphate	n+n	18	14.58	5
958	carbonic anhydrase	adj+n	18	14.5	5
959	descending limb	adj+n	18	14.08	4.3
960	aqueous humour	adj+n	18	13.73	5
961	developed countries	adj+n	18	12.3	4
962	common ancestor	adj+n	18	12.27	4
963	myosin filaments	n+n	18	11.41	5
964	biological catalysts	adj+n	18	11.4	4.7
965	sieve plates	n+n	18	11.29	4.33
966	adrenal medulla	adj+n	18	11.1	5
967	conservative replication	adj+n	18	10.89	4.7
968	gamete fuses	n+v	18	10.68	4.7
969	nerve endings	n+n	18	10.56	3.33
970	human beings	adj+n	18	10.04	2.3
971	haem group	n+n	18	9.63	4.67
972	positive feedback	adj+n	18	9.55	4
973	food webs	n+n	18	9.31	3.67
974	emulsion test	n+n	18	9.19	4.33
975	builds up	v+adv	18	9.01	3.7
976	excretory organs	adj+n	18	8.86	4
977	fat digestion	adj+n	18	8.68	3.3
978	short supply	adj+n	18	8.59	1.7
979	increased risk	adj+n	18	8.35	3
980	form oxyhaemoglobin	v+n	18	8.11	5
981	nucleotide bases	n+n	18	7.97	4.67
982	undigested food	adj+n	18	7.95	3
983	root tip	n+n	18	7.84	3
984	positive result	adj+n	18	7.71	3
985	external factors	adj+n	18	7.51	3.3
986	nucleotide sequence	n+n	18	7.49	5
987	change shape	v+n	18	7.46	3
988	long chains	adj+n	18	7.45	3.3
989	hydrogen bond	n+n	18	7.37	4
990	single strand	adj+n	18	7.23	3
991	black colour	adj+n	18	7.15	1.3
992	understand how	v+adv	18	6.99	3.3
993	ciliary body	adj+n	18	6.92	4.3
994	solute molecules	n+n	18	6.9	4.67
995	fertilisation takes	n+v	18	6.78	3.7
996	soluble substances	adj+n	18	6.63	3.7
997	highest concentration	adj+n	18	6.3	3.3
998	specific sequence	adj+n	18	5.99	2.3
999	genetic diseases	adj+n	18	5.96	3.3
1000	diffuse out	v+adv	18	5.72	4.7
1001	air enters	n+v	18	5.62	2.7
1002	smaller molecules	adj+n	18	5.36	2.3
1003	substance called	n+v	18	4.99	2.7
1004	lower surface	adj+n	18	4.84	2
1005	epithelial cell	adj+n	18	4.84	5
1006	results shown	n+v	18	4.83	2.7
1007	higher pressure	adj+n	18	4.79	3
1008	cell plate	n+n	18	4.78	4
1009	process known	n+v	18	4.67	2.7
1010	cells divide	n+v	18	4.4	4.7
1011	photosynthesis occurs	n+v	18	4.39	4.3
1012	leaf surface	n+n	18	4.24	2.67
1013	state how	v+adv	18	4.23	3.3
1014	contain carbon	v+n	18	3.85	3.7
1015	normal gene	adj+n	18	3.78	3.7
1016	water lost	n+v	18	3.58	3
1017	permeable cell	adj+n	18	3.41	4.3
1018	Escherichia coli	n+n	17	14.82	5
1019	front view	adj+n	17	12.93	2.3
1020	incomplete dominance	adj+n	17	12.59	4.7
1021	synaptic knob	adj+n	17	12.56	4.7
1022	insect pests	n+n	17	11.37	2.33
1023	stabilising selection	adj+n	17	10.92	4.3
1024	growth regulators	n+n	17	10.73	4
1025	egg white	n+n	17	10.41	2
1026	wind speed	n+n	17	10.29	2.67
1027	pancreatic duct	adj+n	17	9.96	4.7
1028	spindle fibre	n+n	17	9.92	4.33
1029	bile pigments	n+n	17	9.66	4.67
1030	biochemical reactions	adj+n	17	9.49	4.7
1031	natural resources	adj+n	17	9.49	3.7
1032	parental phenotypes	adj+n	17	9.41	5
1033	plasmid vector	n+n	17	9.16	5
1034	restriction sites	n+n	17	8.99	4
1035	defective genes	adj+n	17	8.78	4.3
1036	correct order	adj+n	17	8.76	2.3
1037	expected ratio	adj+n	17	8.7	3.7
1038	controlled reaction	adj+n	17	8.54	4
1039	chromosomes line	n+v	17	8.41	4
1040	lymphatic system	adj+n	17	8.35	4.7
1041	recessive trait	adj+n	17	8.17	4.3
1042	related species	adj+n	17	8.01	3.3
1043	vesicles containing	n+v	17	8.01	4
1044	kidney tubule	n+n	17	7.9	4
1045	hydrogen ion	n+n	17	7.41	4
1046	small amounts	adj+n	17	7.17	1.7
1047	species living	n+v	17	7.1	4
1048	red pigment	adj+n	17	6.98	2.3
1049	thin walls	adj+n	17	6.96	2.3
1050	oxygen consumption	n+n	17	6.93	4.33
1051	higher temperatures	adj+n	17	6.86	2
1052	nervous control	adj+n	17	6.81	4
1053	atmospheric carbon	adj+n	17	6.68	4.3
1054	outer surface	adj+n	17	6.62	2
1055	different varieties	adj+n	17	6.23	2
1056	moves down	v+adv	17	6.17	2.7
1057	absorb carbon	v+n	17	5.74	4.3
1058	long time	adj+n	17	5.41	1.3
1059	structures found	n+v	17	5.38	3
1060	protein digestion	n+n	17	5.28	4.33
1061	lower pressure	adj+n	17	4.94	2
1062	glucose concentrations	n+n	17	4.86	4.33
1063	pressure changes	n+n	17	4.69	3.67
1064	dioxide released	n+v	17	4.62	4.3
1065	different tissues	adj+n	17	4.26	2.7
1066	cell activities	n+n	17	3.94	4
1067	energy level	n+n	17	3.43	3.67
1068	sex cells	n+n	17	3.41	3.67
1069	egg cells	n+n	17	3.21	3.67
1070	blood enters	n+v	17	3.19	3
1071	Galapagos Islands	n+n	16	13.99	3.67
1072	alcoholic fermentation	adj+n	16	13.44	4.7
1073	attract insects	v+n	16	11.33	3.7
1074	sodium hydrogencarbonate	n+n	16	11.12	5
1075	intercellular spaces	adj+n	16	11.08	4.7
1076	positive charge	adj+n	16	10.71	4.3
1077	covalent bonds	adj+n	16	10.39	4.7
1078	triplet code	n+n	16	10.18	4
1079	structural support	adj+n	16	10.09	4
1080	glutamic acid	adj+n	16	9.99	4
1081	selective advantage	adj+n	16	9.95	4
1082	ribonucleic acid	adj+n	16	9.9	4.7
1083	smaller pieces	adj+n	16	9.57	1.3
1084	HIV infection	n+n	16	9.06	3.67
1085	allele frequencies	n+n	16	9	5
1086	glomerular capillaries	adj+n	16	8.99	5
1087	picked up	v+adv	16	8.91	3
1088	opposite direction	adj+n	16	8.86	2
1089	solar energy	adj+n	16	8.84	3.7
1090	primary follicle	adj+n	16	8.75	4.3
1091	organ systems	n+n	16	8.67	4
1092	condensation reactions	n+n	16	8.42	3.67
1093	tube element	n+n	16	8.28	3.67
1094	alveolar air	adj+n	16	8.17	4.3
1095	gene loci	n+n	16	8.11	4.33
1096	parts labelled	n+v	16	7.7	2.3
1097	aquatic organisms	adj+n	16	7.63	4
1098	nucleus divides	n+v	16	7.57	4.7
1099	gene locus	n+n	16	7.52	4.33
1100	female sex	adj+n	16	7.51	2.7
1101	active immunity	adj+n	16	7.2	4
1102	dwarf plants	adj+n	16	7.02	3
1103	air pollution	n+n	16	6.98	3
1104	blood transfusion	n+n	16	6.9	4
1105	temperature regulation	n+n	16	6.84	3.67
1106	feedback system	n+n	16	6.52	4
1107	identical offspring	adj+n	16	6.36	4
1108	aerobic bacteria	adj+n	16	6.2	4.3
1109	natural environment	adj+n	16	6.08	3.3
1110	particular function	adj+n	16	6.03	2.7
1111	milk protein	n+n	16	6.03	3.33
1112	meiosis produces	n+v	16	6.03	4.3
1113	waste substances	n+n	16	5.99	3
1114	parent nucleus	n+n	16	5.68	4
1115	environmental temperature	adj+n	16	5.65	4
1116	blood returns	n+v	16	5.46	3.3
1117	energy transferred	n+v	16	5.39	4
1118	amylase solution	n+n	16	5.35	4.33
1119	temperature receptors	n+n	16	5.32	4
1120	urine produced	n+v	16	5.01	3.3
1121	energy source	n+n	16	4.89	3.33
1122	transport diffusion	n+n	16	4.84	4.67
1123	plasmid DNA	n+n	16	4.75	4.67
1124	produce insulin	v+n	16	4.59	4.7
1125	yeast cells	n+n	16	4.55	4
1126	energy lost	n+v	16	4.55	3.7
1127	particular gene	adj+n	16	4.54	3
1128	other animals	adj+n	16	4.5	1.3
1129	sucrose concentration	n+n	16	4.23	4.33
1130	low oxygen	adj+n	16	4	2.7
1131	concentration increases	n+v	16	3.65	4
1132	small number	adj+n	16	3.63	1.3
1133	medulla oblongata	n+n	15	13.23	5
1134	potassium iodide	n+n	15	12.22	4.33
1135	dissociation curve	n+n	15	12.17	4.33
1136	competitive inhibitors	adj+n	15	11.86	4.3
1137	valve closes	n+v	15	11.29	4
1138	random fusion	adj+n	15	10.32	4
1139	nuclear divisions	adj+n	15	10.06	3.7
1140	catalysed reactions	adj+n	15	9.73	4.7
1141	side view	n+n	15	9.51	1.33
1142	tissue rejection	n+n	15	9.4	4
1143	white emulsion	adj+n	15	9.37	3.7
1144	heart beat	n+n	15	9.34	2.67
1145	basic units	adj+n	15	9.17	2.7
1146	dicotyledonous stem	adj+n	15	8.73	5
1147	stomata open	n+v	15	8.42	5
1148	temperature rises	n+v	15	8.36	3.3
1149	information provided	n+v	15	8.32	2.7
1150	hydrogen atom	n+n	15	8.28	3.33
1151	listed below	v+adv	15	8.26	3
1152	sodium channels	n+n	15	8.22	4.33
1153	bacterial plasmid	adj+n	15	8.17	4.7
1154	dicotyledonous leaf	adj+n	15	8.1	5
1155	fur colour	n+n	15	8.03	2
1156	transgenic bacteria	adj+n	15	7.9	4.7
1157	CFTR protein	n+n	15	7.77	4.67
1158	sensory receptors	adj+n	15	7.66	4.3
1159	mRNA codon	n+n	15	7.55	4.67
1160	rapid diffusion	adj+n	15	7.48	3.7
1161	light micrograph	n+n	15	7.47	4.67
1162	male sex	adj+n	15	7.35	2.3
1163	smoke contains	n+v	15	7.34	2.3
1164	passive process	adj+n	15	7.16	3.3
1165	diaphragm muscles	n+n	15	7.16	4
1166	radioactive carbon	adj+n	15	7.07	4.3
1167	large scale	adj+n	15	7.01	1.3
1168	polar molecules	adj+n	15	6.82	4.7
1169	cross section	n+n	15	6.72	3
1170	foreign gene	adj+n	15	6.61	3.7
1171	carrier protein	n+n	15	6.56	4
1172	sugar phosphate	n+n	15	6.55	4.33
1173	protein coat	n+n	15	6.47	4
1174	main function	adj+n	15	6.28	1.7
1175	flower colour	n+n	15	6.21	2
1176	specific functions	adj+n	15	6.17	2.7
1177	resistance genes	n+n	15	6.14	4.33
1178	surrounding temperature	adj+n	15	6.13	3
1179	homologous chromosome	adj+n	15	6.09	4.7
1180	specific shape	adj+n	15	6.04	2.3
1181	death rate	n+n	15	5.92	3
1182	dominant alleles	adj+n	15	5.81	4.3
1183	energy content	n+n	15	5.57	4
1184	given out	v+adv	15	5.45	3.7
1185	resistance gene	n+n	15	5.39	4.33
1186	constant temperature	adj+n	15	5.33	3.3
1187	glucose uptake	n+n	15	5.23	4
1188	energy stored	n+v	15	5.02	4
1189	total energy	adj+n	15	4.99	3.3
1190	hormone produced	n+v	15	4.73	4.3
1191	human population	adj+n	15	4.6	3.7
1192	concentration decreases	n+v	15	4.6	3.7
1193	reaction increases	n+v	15	4.43	4
1194	blood cholesterol	n+n	15	4.41	4
1195	solution containing	n+v	15	4.37	3.7
1196	move up	v+adv	15	4.11	2.7
1197	increased blood	adj+n	15	3.47	2
1198	binary fission	adj+n	14	15.86	4.3
1199	vitreous humour	adj+n	14	14.44	4.3
1200	marram grass	n+n	14	13.3	2.67
1201	semilunar valves	adj+n	14	12.04	4.3
1202	secretory vesicles	adj+n	14	11.52	4.7
1203	desirable traits	adj+n	14	11.45	4
1204	opposite directions	adj+n	14	11.43	2.3
1205	bundle sheath	n+n	14	11.4	4
1206	fat droplets	adj+n	14	11.12	3
1207	valve opens	n+v	14	11.11	4
1208	identical twins	adj+n	14	11.05	4
1209	tricuspid valves	adj+n	14	10.83	5
1210	striated muscle	adj+n	14	10.43	4.3
1211	conscious control	adj+n	14	9.89	4
1212	wind-pollinated flower	adj+n	14	9.81	4.5
1213	respiratory substrates	adj+n	14	9.66	4.7
1214	tertiary consumers	adj+n	14	9.49	3.7
1215	pressure exerted	n+v	14	9.46	4
1216	transmit impulses	v+n	14	9.33	4.3
1217	vertical section	adj+n	14	9.23	3.7
1218	chromosomes pair	n+v	14	9.13	4.7
1219	transmit nerve	v+n	14	8.99	4.3
1220	excretory product	adj+n	14	8.98	4
1221	haploid nuclei	adj+n	14	8.82	5
1222	fertile offspring	adj+n	14	8.72	4.3
1223	green leaves	n+n	14	8.71	1.67
1224	possible combinations	adj+n	14	8.48	2.7
1225	gland secretes	n+v	14	8.47	4.3
1226	multicellular organism	adj+n	14	8.34	5
1227	purple flowers	adj+n	14	8.32	1.3
1228	sweat gland	n+n	14	8.01	3.33
1229	sea level	n+n	14	7.99	2.67
1230	mutant allele	n+n	14	7.97	4.67
1231	nerve fibre	n+n	14	7.97	4
1232	reproductive organ	adj+n	14	7.93	4.3
1233	vascular tissues	adj+n	14	7.93	4
1234	phloem sap	n+n	14	7.74	4
1235	fibrous protein	adj+n	14	7.69	4.3
1236	given time	adj+n	14	7.68	2.3
1237	elastic walls	adj+n	14	7.61	3.7
1238	different wavelengths	adj+n	14	7.39	3.3
1239	soil particles	n+n	14	7.34	3.33
1240	carried on	v+adv	14	7.26	3.3
1241	double bonds	adj+n	14	7.21	3.7
1242	toxic substances	adj+n	14	7.19	4
1243	percentage increase	n+n	14	7.17	3.5
1244	vein carries	n+v	14	7.16	3.7
1245	long period	adj+n	14	7.1	1.3
1246	heterozygous genotype	adj+n	14	6.93	5
1247	bubbles produced	n+v	14	6.92	3
1248	red eyes	adj+n	14	6.89	1.3
1249	unit volume	n+n	14	6.81	4
1250	starch grains	n+n	14	6.75	3
1251	total volume	adj+n	14	6.72	2.7
1252	secrete insulin	v+n	14	6.71	4.7
1253	arteries carry	n+v	14	6.65	4
1254	basic structure	adj+n	14	6.5	2.7
1255	chloride solution	n+n	14	6.34	4
1256	phospholipid molecules	adj+n	14	6.32	4.7
1257	fat molecules	adj+n	14	6.05	3
1258	small fish	adj+n	14	6.01	1.3
1259	important functions	adj+n	14	5.96	2.3
1260	carbon compounds	n+n	14	5.83	3.67
1261	acid chains	n+n	14	5.62	3.67
1262	mutation occurs	n+v	14	5.62	4.7
1263	internal structure	adj+n	14	5.44	3.3
1264	larger molecules	adj+n	14	5.31	2.7
1265	blue solution	adj+n	14	5.18	2
1266	tube containing	n+v	14	5.12	2.7
1267	meiosis occurs	n+v	14	5.02	4.7
1268	moves up	v+adv	14	5.01	3
1269	insulin production	n+n	14	4.96	4
1270	hot water	adj+n	14	4.76	1.3
1271	amino groups	n+n	14	4.7	4
1272	cells lose	n+v	14	4.61	3.3
1273	cell contents	n+n	14	4.39	3.33
1274	low temperature	adj+n	14	4.35	1.3
1275	individual cells	adj+n	14	4.32	2.3
1276	gametes produced	n+v	14	4.26	3.7
1277	blood entering	n+v	14	4.16	3.7
1278	make proteins	v+n	14	4.1	3.7
1279	oxygen taken	n+v	14	4.09	3.3
1280	carry oxygen	v+n	14	3.9	4
1281	cells secrete	n+v	14	3.71	4.7
1282	contains only	v+adv	14	3.67	3.3
1283	higher rate	adj+n	14	3.56	1.7
1284	human gene	adj+n	14	3.1	4
1285	adenosine triphosphate	n+n	13	14.1	5
1286	petroleum jelly	n+n	13	14.03	3.67
1287	agarose gel	n+n	13	13.39	4.67
1288	abdominal cavity	adj+n	13	12.17	4
1289	agar jelly	n+n	13	11.98	3.33
1290	objective lens	adj+n	13	11.76	4.3
1291	gated channels	adj+n	13	11.45	4.3
1292	atrioventricular valves	adj+n	13	11.02	5
1293	overall equation	adj+n	13	10.97	3
1294	meiotic division	adj+n	13	10.94	4.7
1295	breathed in	v+adv	13	10.92	3.7
1296	electrochemical gradient	adj+n	13	10.92	4.7
1297	bisexual flowers	adj+n	13	10.75	3.3
1298	wide variety	adj+n	13	10.38	1.7
1299	works best	v+adv	13	10.35	3.3
1300	alcohol consumption	n+n	13	10.33	3.67
1301	health problems	n+n	13	10.31	2
1302	anabolic reactions	adj+n	13	10.18	4.7
1303	giving rise	v+n	13	10.16	3.3
1304	fluid mosaic	n+n	13	9.94	4.33
1305	negative charge	adj+n	13	9.73	4.3
1306	gastric glands	adj+n	13	9.36	4.3
1307	hormonal control	adj+n	13	9.04	4
1308	valves open	n+v	13	8.87	4
1309	work best	v+adv	13	8.86	3.3
1310	genetic disorders	adj+n	13	8.66	4
1311	cellular activities	adj+n	13	8.64	4
1312	potassium ion	n+n	13	8.64	4
1313	parental phenotype	adj+n	13	8.6	5
1314	vessel elements	n+n	13	8.45	4
1315	unicellular organisms	adj+n	13	8.45	5
1316	dilute urine	adj+n	13	8.36	3.7
1317	chromosomes arrange	n+v	13	8.35	4.3
1318	uterus lining	n+n	13	8.31	4.33
1319	join together	v+adv	13	8.2	3.3
1320	people living	n+v	13	8.1	2
1321	cardiovascular system	adj+n	13	8.04	4.7
1322	skin arterioles	n+n	13	7.79	4.33
1323	free nucleotides	adj+n	13	7.78	4.3
1324	tube grows	n+v	13	7.75	3.3
1325	carbonate solution	n+n	13	7.61	4
1326	purple colour	adj+n	13	7.48	1.3
1327	biuret solution	n+n	13	7.47	4
1328	gamete formation	n+n	13	7.28	4.67
1329	maximum amount	adj+n	13	7.09	2.7
1330	lung disease	n+n	13	7.03	3
1331	blood clots	n+n	13	6.99	3
1332	phenotype ratio	n+n	13	6.83	4.67
1333	insulin secretion	n+n	13	6.71	4.67
1334	hydrolysis reaction	n+n	13	6.59	4.33
1335	offspring phenotypes	n+n	13	6.55	4.67
1336	upper surface	adj+n	13	6.44	2.3
1337	make use	v+n	13	5.91	3
1338	unit time	n+n	13	5.86	2.5
1339	end products	n+n	13	5.82	2.33
1340	crop plant	n+n	13	5.79	2.33
1341	solution remains	n+v	13	5.7	3
1342	hair colour	n+n	13	5.66	2
1343	artery wall	n+n	13	5.49	3.67
1344	gene codes	n+n	13	5.47	3.67
1345	soluble molecules	adj+n	13	5.46	4
1346	somatic cell	adj+n	13	5.4	4.3
1347	ion concentration	n+n	13	5.35	4
1348	other side	adj+n	13	5.29	1.3
1349	break up	v+adv	13	5.28	4
1350	normal haemoglobin	adj+n	13	5.27	4
1351	water column	n+n	13	5	3.33
1352	human skin	adj+n	13	4.69	3.3
1353	substances move	n+v	13	4.64	3.7
1354	glucose units	n+n	13	4.61	3.67
1355	specialised cell	adj+n	13	4.51	4
1356	complementary DNA	adj+n	13	4.34	4.3
1357	nucleus contains	n+v	13	4.25	3.7
1358	sucrose molecules	n+n	13	4.18	4
1359	takes up	v+adv	13	4.13	3.3
1360	allows oxygen	v+n	13	4.02	3
1361	sugar molecules	n+n	13	3.97	3.33
1362	plant tissues	n+n	13	3.86	3
1363	see how	v+adv	13	3.78	2.7
1364	food production	n+n	13	3.7	3
1365	DNA bases	n+n	13	3.55	4
1366	leaf structure	n+n	13	3.54	3.33
1367	tissue called	n+v	13	3.15	2.3
1368	contraceptive pills	adj+n	12	14.9	3.7
1369	saltatory conduction	adj+n	12	14.22	4.7
1370	carrying capacity	n+n	12	14	3.67
1371	autosomal linkage	adj+n	12	13.1	4.7
1372	suction force	n+n	12	12.84	3.67
1373	seminal vesicle	adj+n	12	12.79	4.7
1374	atrial systole	adj+n	12	12.69	5
1375	stomatal pore	adj+n	12	12.66	4
1376	fruit flies	n+n	12	11.66	2.67
1377	strenuous exercise	adj+n	12	11.44	3.3
1378	general formula	adj+n	12	11.22	2.3
1379	germinating seeds	adj+n	12	11.14	4
1380	agar plate	n+n	12	10.66	3.33
1381	elastic band	adj+n	12	10.5	2.3
1382	electron microscopes	n+n	12	10.35	3.67
1383	smooth ER	adj+n	12	10.24	3.7
1384	relative humidity	adj+n	12	10.01	3.7
1385	triphosphate ATP	n+n	12	9.84	4.67
1386	sectional area	adj+n	12	9.78	2.7
1387	nuclear pore	adj+n	12	9.69	4.3
1388	capillary network	n+n	12	9.56	4
1389	sperm ducts	n+n	12	9.48	3.67
1390	stored glycogen	adj+n	12	9.34	4
1391	worn out	v+adv	12	9.31	4
1392	polynucleotide chains	n+n	12	9.28	5
1393	opposite ends	adj+n	12	9.17	1.7
1394	digests starch	v+n	12	9.14	4.7
1395	climate change	n+n	12	9.06	4.33
1396	antagonistic muscles	adj+n	12	9.05	5
1397	action spectrum	n+n	12	8.91	4.33
1398	pancreas secretes	n+v	12	8.81	4.7
1399	endosperm nucleus	n+n	12	8.78	5
1400	chromatids separate	n+v	12	8.71	5
1401	ribs move	n+v	12	8.63	2.7
1402	gametes fuse	n+v	12	8.5	4.7
1403	mucous membrane	n+n	12	8.38	4.33
1404	alveolar wall	adj+n	12	8.36	4
1405	aquatic animals	adj+n	12	8.33	3
1406	move upwards	v+adv	12	8.26	2.7
1407	cut off	v+adv	12	8.06	3
1408	sulfate solution	n+n	12	8.01	4.33
1409	FSH production	n+n	12	7.94	4
1410	oxygen dissociation	n+n	12	7.91	4.33
1411	extra chromosome	adj+n	12	7.89	3.3
1412	absorbed food	adj+n	12	7.89	3.3
1413	control centre	n+n	12	7.72	3.67
1414	mutated gene	adj+n	12	7.69	4
1415	buffer solution	n+n	12	7.69	3.67
1416	rapid growth	adj+n	12	7.46	3
1417	ventricular pressure	adj+n	12	7.42	4
1418	sucrose solutions	n+n	12	7.39	3.67
1419	complementary strand	adj+n	12	7.35	4
1420	secrete hormones	v+n	12	7.32	4.7
1421	different distances	adj+n	12	7.24	2
1422	small quantities	adj+n	12	6.93	2
1423	risk factors	n+n	12	6.77	3.33
1424	veins carry	n+v	12	6.72	3.7
1425	normal breathing	adj+n	12	6.66	2.7
1426	different lengths	adj+n	12	6.64	2
1427	pulls water	v+n	12	6.6	3
1428	concentration rises	n+v	12	6.6	3.3
1429	transport systems	n+n	12	6.58	3.33
1430	dicotyledonous plant	adj+n	12	6.5	4.3
1431	capillary wall	adj+n	12	6.48	4
1432	sample size	n+n	12	6.47	3.67
1433	organisms living	n+v	12	6.45	3
1434	acid sequences	n+n	12	6.35	3.67
1435	cheek cells	n+n	12	6.3	2.33
1436	mRNA strand	n+n	12	6.24	4.33
1437	glycerol molecule	n+n	12	6.05	4.67
1438	maximum number	adj+n	12	6.04	2
1439	sex chromosome	n+n	12	5.92	4.33
1440	recessive genotype	adj+n	12	5.79	4.7
1441	long chain	adj+n	12	5.77	3
1442	onion cells	n+n	12	5.31	1.67
1443	food storage	n+n	12	5.28	2.67
1444	boiling water	adj+n	12	5.09	2
1445	release oxygen	v+n	12	5.07	4
1446	bonds form	n+v	12	5	4.3
1447	double membrane	adj+n	12	4.99	3.7
1448	food source	n+n	12	4.86	2.67
1449	original DNA	adj+n	12	4.85	3.3
1450	pressure gradient	n+n	12	4.65	4
1451	blood pumped	n+v	12	4.59	4
1452	increases when	v+adv	12	4.54	3
1453	experiment using	n+v	12	4.52	2
1454	water potentials	n+n	12	4.48	3.67
1455	produce gametes	v+n	12	4.42	4.7
1456	other end	adj+n	12	4.34	1.3
1457	cells undergo	n+v	12	4.3	3.7
1458	palisade cells	n+n	12	4.26	4.67
1459	form hydrogen	v+n	12	4.22	4.3
1460	reaction occurs	n+v	12	4.05	3.3
1461	transports blood	v+n	12	3.81	4
1462	vessels called	n+v	12	3.77	2.7
1463	air contains	n+v	12	3.77	2.7
1464	higher temperature	adj+n	12	3.73	2.3
1465	figure formation	n+n	12	3.64	4
1466	use up	v+adv	12	3.51	3.7
1467	diploid cells	adj+n	12	3.48	4
1468	reaction enzymes	n+n	12	3.43	4.33
1469	vibrio cholerae	n+n	11	15.79	5
1470	rib cage	n+n	11	14.93	3
1471	respire anaerobically	v+adv	11	14.12	5
1472	great deal	adj+n	11	13.75	1.3
1473	fibrin threads	n+n	11	12.52	4
1474	accessory pigments	adj+n	11	12.5	4
1475	sarcoplasmic reticulum	adj+n	11	12.35	4.7
1476	chromatin thread	n+n	11	12.34	4.33
1477	vital capacity	adj+n	11	11.94	3.7
1478	collecting ducts	n+n	11	11.68	3.33
1479	sex determination	n+n	11	11.45	4
1480	respiratory tract	adj+n	11	11.41	4
1481	washed away	v+adv	11	11.25	3
1482	electrical signals	adj+n	11	11.14	3.7
1483	voluntary actions	adj+n	11	11.06	3.3
1484	hydrophobic tails	adj+n	11	11.05	4.3
1485	covalent bond	adj+n	11	10.94	4
1486	sweat evaporates	n+v	11	10.7	4
1487	excessive consumption	adj+n	11	10.58	3.7
1488	developing countries	adj+n	11	10.51	3.3
1489	straight line	adj+n	11	10.5	1.7
1490	marine life	adj+n	11	10.41	3
1491	aerial parts	n+n	11	10.33	3.33
1492	complete dominance	adj+n	11	10.2	4
1493	dark room	adj+n	11	10.08	2
1494	polynucleotide strands	n+n	11	9.96	5
1495	cardiovascular diseases	adj+n	11	9.8	4.7
1496	immune deficiency	adj+n	11	9.76	4.7
1497	feedback mechanisms	n+n	11	9.72	4
1498	brown fur	adj+n	11	9.5	1.3
1499	metabolic wastes	adj+n	11	9.37	4
1500	chlorophyll absorbs	n+v	11	9.24	5
1501	human being	adj+n	11	9.14	3.7
1502	hexose sugar	n+n	11	9.11	4.33
1503	leaf stalk	n+n	11	9.1	2.67
1504	hydroxyl group	n+n	11	8.94	4.67
1505	ligaments become	n+v	11	8.81	3
1506	hydrolytic enzymes	adj+n	11	8.77	5
1507	pancreatic amylase	adj+n	11	8.57	5
1508	main force	adj+n	11	8.45	2.7
1509	muscular contraction	adj+n	11	8.43	3.7
1510	neurone transmits	n+v	11	8.38	4.7
1511	concentration gradients	n+n	11	8.38	4.33
1512	fuse together	v+adv	11	8.37	4.7
1513	target organ	n+n	11	8.31	2.67
1514	chromatids joined	n+v	11	8.26	5
1515	reduction division	n+n	11	8.06	4.33
1516	carried away	v+adv	11	8.02	3.7
1517	observed results	adj+n	11	7.95	3.3
1518	concentrated urine	adj+n	11	7.88	3.7
1519	alleles controlling	n+v	11	7.8	4.7
1520	phloem transports	n+v	11	7.7	4.7
1521	long term	adj+n	11	7.67	2
1522	high power	adj+n	11	7.65	2
1523	cavity decreases	n+v	11	7.64	4
1524	inherited together	v+adv	11	7.52	4.7
1525	fibrous proteins	adj+n	11	7.51	4.3
1526	normal vision	adj+n	11	7.36	2.7
1527	toxins produced	n+v	11	7.32	3.3
1528	chemical elements	adj+n	11	7.28	3.7
1529	hair follicle	n+n	11	7.22	4
1530	short period	adj+n	11	7.17	1.3
1531	small pieces	adj+n	11	7.14	1.3
1532	diffuse back	v+adv	11	7.12	4.7
1533	independent reactions	adj+n	11	6.8	4
1534	channel protein	n+n	11	6.78	4
1535	different colours	adj+n	11	6.73	1.3
1536	inner walls	adj+n	11	6.73	3
1537	aquatic plants	adj+n	11	6.67	3.3
1538	elastic tissue	adj+n	11	6.61	3.3
1539	black hair	adj+n	11	6.59	1.3
1540	harmful bacteria	adj+n	11	6.57	3.7
1541	graph paper	n+n	11	6.53	2.33
1542	Schwann cell	n+n	11	6.51	4.67
1543	join up	v+adv	11	6.49	3.3
1544	tissue transports	n+v	11	6.41	4.3
1545	fat molecule	adj+n	11	6.35	3.3
1546	molecular structure	adj+n	11	6.33	3.7
1547	smooth muscles	adj+n	11	6.3	3.7
1548	surrounding tissue	adj+n	11	6.28	3.7
1549	ovary wall	n+n	11	6.24	3.33
1550	heat lost	n+v	11	6.17	3.3
1551	nervous impulses	adj+n	11	6.17	4
1552	essential substances	adj+n	11	6.16	3.3
1553	cancerous cells	adj+n	11	6.14	3.7
1554	bacterial chromosome	adj+n	11	6.1	4.3
1555	increasing temperature	adj+n	11	6.1	2.7
1556	passed down	v+adv	11	6.09	4
1557	exchange takes	n+v	11	6.08	3.3
1558	reaction mixture	n+n	11	6.04	4
1559	sufficient oxygen	adj+n	11	6.03	3.3
1560	condition known	n+v	11	5.97	2.7
1561	contain chlorophyll	v+n	11	5.93	4
1562	apparatus shown	n+v	11	5.85	3.3
1563	stomach wall	n+n	11	5.77	3.67
1564	genetic cross	adj+n	11	5.72	4
1565	temperature affects	n+v	11	5.7	4
1566	releases energy	v+n	11	5.67	4
1567	green light	adj+n	11	5.62	1.3
1568	artery walls	n+n	11	5.6	3.33
1569	independent reaction	adj+n	11	5.6	3.3
1570	chromosome consists	n+v	11	5.59	4.3
1571	reactions take	n+v	11	5.45	2.7
1572	chemicals called	n+v	11	5.42	2.3
1573	control experiment	n+n	11	5.42	4
1574	end walls	n+n	11	5.37	3
1575	loses water	v+n	11	5.37	2.7
1576	animal fats	n+n	11	5.29	2.67
1577	convert glucose	v+n	11	5.29	4.7
1578	blood travels	n+v	11	5.13	3.7
1579	changes occur	n+v	11	5	2.3
1580	contains haemoglobin	v+n	11	5	4.3
1581	group genotype	n+n	11	4.8	4.33
1582	process involves	n+v	11	4.79	3.7
1583	energy storage	n+n	11	4.77	3.67
1584	respiration takes	n+v	11	4.62	2.7
1585	reaction takes	n+v	11	4.56	2.7
1586	transport water	v+n	11	4.43	4
1587	pressure causes	n+v	11	4.33	3.7
1588	large volume	adj+n	11	4.32	1.7
1589	water reabsorbed	n+v	11	4.3	4.3
1590	ATP molecule	n+n	11	4.08	4
1591	plasma protein	n+n	11	4.06	4
1592	other types	adj+n	11	3.98	1.3
1593	cell death	n+n	11	3.91	3.33
1594	lower temperature	adj+n	11	3.9	2
1595	different groups	adj+n	11	3.76	2
1596	contains enzymes	v+n	11	3.75	4.3
1597	blood transports	n+v	11	3.69	4
1598	original cell	adj+n	11	3.66	3.3
1599	starch molecules	n+n	11	3.64	4
1600	energy loss	n+n	11	3.51	3.67
1601	occurs only	v+adv	11	3.5	3.3
1602	plant stem	n+n	11	3.47	2.33
1603	plants use	n+v	11	3.41	2.7
1604	vacuole cell	n+n	11	3.28	4.33
1605	DNA containing	n+v	11	3.12	3.7
1606	reproductive cells	adj+n	11	3.11	4.3
1607	body parts	n+n	11	3.1	2
1608	washing powder	n+n	10	14.43	1.67
1609	building blocks	n+n	10	13.87	2.67
1610	suspensory ligament	adj+n	10	13.67	4.7
1611	geographical isolation	adj+n	10	13.63	4.3
1612	vertebral column	adj+n	10	13.34	4.3
1613	deep breath	adj+n	10	13	1.7
1614	lymph nodes	n+n	10	12.67	4
1615	cranial nerves	adj+n	10	12.58	4
1616	x-ray film	n+n	10	12.46	3
1617	practical skills	adj+n	10	12.45	2.7
1618	future generations	adj+n	10	12.36	3
1619	chest pain	n+n	10	12.26	2
1620	potato tuber	n+n	10	11.56	2
1621	nasal cavity	adj+n	10	11.49	4
1622	partial pressures	adj+n	10	11.46	3.3
1623	axon terminal	n+n	10	11.45	4
1624	compensation point	n+n	10	11.44	4.33
1625	filial generation	adj+n	10	11.21	3.7
1626	word equation	n+n	10	11.17	2.67
1627	vitamin deficiency	n+n	10	11.1	4
1628	cilia lining	n+v	10	11.08	4.5
1629	late prophase	adj+n	10	11.03	4.3
1630	molecular genetics	adj+n	10	11.02	4.3
1631	transverse sections	adj+n	10	10.97	4.3
1632	involuntary actions	adj+n	10	10.96	4.3
1633	electron micrographs	n+n	10	10.87	4
1634	Malpighian layer	adj+n	10	10.55	5
1635	electrical charge	adj+n	10	10.55	4
1636	travel along	v+adv	10	10.52	3.7
1637	filter paper	n+n	10	10.3	3.33
1638	absorption spectrum	n+n	10	10.05	4.67
1639	relay neurones	v+n	10	9.97	5
1640	amniotic cavity	adj+n	10	9.83	4.3
1641	seed germination	n+n	10	9.68	3.33
1642	fertile period	adj+n	10	9.49	4
1643	excessive alcohol	adj+n	10	9.43	2.5
1644	long distances	adj+n	10	9.38	1.7
1645	transgenic bacterium	adj+n	10	9.34	5
1646	chromosomal mutation	adj+n	10	9.33	4.7
1647	genetic variability	adj+n	10	9.19	4
1648	tubule loop	n+n	10	9.14	4
1649	speeding up	v+adv	10	9.14	2.3
1650	arterial end	adj+n	10	9.12	3.7
1651	transpiration stream	n+n	10	9.02	3.67
1652	epidermis palisade	n+n	10	8.86	4.67
1653	original position	adj+n	10	8.8	1.7
1654	iodide solution	n+n	10	8.74	4.33
1655	numerous mitochondria	adj+n	10	8.66	3.7
1656	worked out	v+adv	10	8.65	3.3
1657	excretory organ	adj+n	10	8.42	4.3
1658	ventricles relax	n+v	10	8.33	4.7
1659	breathing in	v+adv	10	8.29	3.7
1660	long tail	adj+n	10	8.27	1.3
1661	erector muscle	n+n	10	8.24	4
1662	projections called	n+v	10	8.02	3
1663	chemical formula	adj+n	10	7.91	3.3
1664	particular habitat	adj+n	10	7.86	3
1665	given area	adj+n	10	7.79	2
1666	energy losses	n+n	10	7.7	3.67
1667	lined up	v+adv	10	7.64	3.7
1668	end plate	n+n	10	7.58	3.33
1669	pulled down	v+adv	10	7.52	3.3
1670	glands secrete	n+v	10	7.51	4.3
1671	short distance	adj+n	10	7.48	1.7
1672	complex carbohydrates	adj+n	10	7.46	4.3
1673	vein transports	n+v	10	7.42	4.3
1674	feedback control	n+n	10	7.31	3.67
1675	equal volume	adj+n	10	7.25	2
1676	mitochondrial membrane	adj+n	10	7.15	4.7
1677	mammalian heart	adj+n	10	6.98	4.3
1678	excess mineral	adj+n	10	6.97	3.3
1679	events occur	n+v	10	6.93	3
1680	xylem transports	n+v	10	6.87	4.7
1681	cortical cells	adj+n	10	6.81	4
1682	DNA replicates	n+v	10	6.73	5
1683	surface view	n+n	10	6.73	2.67
1684	energy store	n+n	10	6.68	3
1685	diseases caused	n+v	10	6.65	3
1686	cardiac muscles	adj+n	10	6.59	4
1687	dividing cells	adj+n	10	6.58	4
1688	juice contains	n+v	10	6.48	2.3
1689	Schwann cells	n+n	10	6.4	4.67
1690	enzyme catalyses	n+v	10	6.37	5
1691	end product	n+n	10	6.37	2.33
1692	similar way	adj+n	10	6.35	1.3
1693	transgenic plants	adj+n	10	6.35	4.7
1694	recessive condition	adj+n	10	6.32	4.3
1695	specific stimulus	adj+n	10	6.31	3.7
1696	aquatic plant	adj+n	10	6.26	3
1697	maize plants	n+n	10	6.26	3
1698	main groups	adj+n	10	6.18	1.7
1699	produces genetically	v+adv	10	6.18	4.7
1700	compound called	n+v	10	6.17	2.7
1701	uterus wall	n+n	10	6.04	3.67
1702	lung tissue	n+n	10	6.03	3
1703	haploid nucleus	adj+n	10	5.94	5
1704	pulmonary disease	adj+n	10	5.89	4.3
1705	body weight	n+n	10	5.87	3
1706	cut down	v+adv	10	5.71	3
1707	single base	adj+n	10	5.68	3.7
1708	process requires	n+v	10	5.65	3.7
1709	air flows	n+v	10	5.58	3.7
1710	normal condition	adj+n	10	5.5	2
1711	high risk	adj+n	10	5.47	2.7
1712	soluble protein	adj+n	10	5.45	3.7
1713	membrane systems	n+n	10	5.44	4
1714	sperm production	n+n	10	5.41	4
1715	possible gametes	adj+n	10	5.34	3.7
1716	larger surface	adj+n	10	5.3	2.3
1717	products formed	n+v	10	5.29	3.3
1718	cause disease	v+n	10	5.24	3.7
1719	particular type	adj+n	10	5.22	2
1720	genetic condition	adj+n	10	5.15	3.3
1721	whole body	adj+n	10	5.15	1.3
1722	certain substances	adj+n	10	5.12	1.7
1723	short time	adj+n	10	5.12	1.3
1724	heat production	n+n	10	5.05	3.67
1725	nervous tissue	adj+n	10	4.99	4
1726	different populations	adj+n	10	4.98	2
1727	complex molecules	adj+n	10	4.97	3.7
1728	moves out	v+adv	10	4.95	2.7
1729	food particles	n+n	10	4.82	3.33
1730	active form	adj+n	10	4.81	2.3
1731	making up	v+adv	10	4.8	4
1732	units called	n+v	10	4.77	2.3
1733	provides energy	v+n	10	4.76	4
1734	brings blood	v+n	10	4.68	3.3
1735	energy flows	n+v	10	4.66	4.3
1736	DNA content	n+n	10	4.65	3.67
1737	product molecules	n+n	10	4.62	4
1738	condition called	n+v	10	4.53	2.3
1739	DNA code	n+n	10	4.5	3.67
1740	organic food	adj+n	10	4.5	3.3
1741	particular species	adj+n	10	4.5	2.3
1742	internal body	adj+n	10	4.44	2.7
1743	blood leaving	n+v	10	4.41	3.3
1744	receive blood	v+n	10	4.36	3.7
1745	dioxide levels	n+n	10	4.3	3.67
1746	organisms need	n+v	10	4.25	3
1747	water entering	n+v	10	3.97	2.7
1748	high level	adj+n	10	3.92	1.7
1749	haemoglobin molecules	n+n	10	3.91	4.33
1750	produces carbon	v+n	10	3.72	4
1751	water passes	n+v	10	3.6	3
1752	blood circulation	n+n	10	3.55	3.67
1753	insulin produced	n+v	10	3.54	4.7
1754	need energy	v+n	10	3.45	4
1755	contains chromosomes	v+n	10	3.36	4
1756	growth rate	n+n	10	3.32	3
1757	large molecule	adj+n	10	3.24	2.7
1758	make food	v+n	10	3.13	2.3

Scroll to Top

Type	Frequency	Mutual Information	Pedagogical use

Biology	Chemistry	Economics	Geography
Math	History	Physics	English